Wednesday, May 20, 2020

Technology We Can No Longer Live Without It - 1217 Words

Technology: We can no longer live without it. Society has come a long way with the use of technology. In 1876, the first phone arose. 95 years later the personal computer was also invented in 1971. Now 45 years later we have the capabilities of both in the palms of our hands. It used to take us weeks to communicate with someone a few cities away. It now only takes a few seconds to communicate with someone in a completely different country. Where it used to take hours to research information in many encyclopedias. It now only takes minutes on a cell phone. As time moves on and technology advances our lives become easier. So much so that people have become dependent on them. Our generation has become mentally lazy with even the most important information. Where generation before us had to know phone numbers or used phone books to look them up. Now we can click a name to make a phone call without ever looking at the number itself. It is safe to say that a large percentage of Americans do not have even their closest family member’s numbers memorized, and would be lost without the contacts on their phones. In today’s world, we do not need to remember how to get to a friend’s house nor do we need to carry around a map with us. We can now key their address into our cellphones and follow the directions with ease. When it comes to spelling we are even worse. Compared to generations before us, we are on the decline with our ability to spell. With the help of applications on ourShow MoreRelatedEssay On Technology And Technology852 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology is a huge part of our everyday lives. Its something we use all the time, but we are becoming too attached to it. Technology is a privilege, but we are letting it destroy our lives; the more technology we have the less we actually socialize with people. It can be a great tool, but overuse holds us back from living our lives to the fullest. Sometimes we need to put technology aside, and allow ourselves to see how beautiful life really is. Everyone in today’s society has a cell phone. TheRead MoreLiterature : The Hunger Games, Divergent, And The Maze Runner1401 Words   |  6 PagesThe novels all contain futuristic societies in which technology suppresses human emotions. Furthermore, this theme of repressing emotions transcends young adult novels and can be seen in many forms of literature-- ranging from classical to children s films. Literature often portrays technology as a tool by which people become desensitized to human emotions. In literature, human emotions become subverted by technology when technology begins absorbing the user’s attentions. For exampleRead MoreTechnology Has Improved Our Quality Of Life1241 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology has recently become a very controversial part of our lives. Some will say technology has been attributed to man’s survival as a species. Through such developments as advances in medicine have greatly increased life expectancy and quality of life. While others will argue that wile technology has improved our quality of life it also has the power to destroy us. Technology has improved our lives but it has also caused new problems such as added stress, reliance, and a lack of interest inRead MoreTechnology Is The Center Of Our Lives844 Words   |  4 Pageswill they? Technology is the center of our lives and we use it for all sorts of things from sending a man to the moon to creating a new bomb. Over time, peoples’ idea of the future h as gone from a beautiful technological utopia to a dirty and dismal dystopia of destruction and darkness. They may see the future this way because they are now realizing what mankind is doing with our technological prowess and how we are helpless to stop going down the path we made for ourselves. (reword: how we are helplessRead MoreHow Technology Simplifies Modern Life665 Words   |  3 Pagesrelevance of technology cannot be overstated. Indeed, unlike two or three decades ago, technology has today become intertwined with our lives. It is difficult to imagine of how life would be without technology. In this text, I explore how technology simplifies modern life. How Technology Simplifies Modern Life How would life be without technology? Although many are the times we take technology for granted, it is highly unlikely that life would continue being the same without technology (as we know it)Read MoreThe Life Expectancy Of The 1900 S1411 Words   |  6 PagesThe life expectancy in the 1900’s was fifty years old. A hundred years later, the life expectancy has expanded to the late eighties and early nineties. In the 1900’s people weren t as blessed and fortuitous to have the things we use today. Back then people had to deal with the fact that they couldn t be cured of certain diseases, or illnesses that came across them. Today is different. In the 20th Century, the world has become a healthier place, so much that the lifespan has elevated by almost thirtyRead MoreEssay on History of Chemistry through the Ages794 Words   |  4 Pagesdates back to the time of ancient history to now. Ancient civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry by 1000 BC. For example, they were extracting chemicals from plants to make medicines. The history of chemistry is intertwined with the history of thermodynamics. Chemistry is very important to our world today. Without it, we wouldn’t be near as advanced as we are. Let’s take scientists for example. The scientists at St. Jude children’sRead MoreEssay on The Effect of Technology On Humanity1090 Words   |  5 Pages Imagine a world without cell phones, personal computers, MP3 players, cars, and television. Life without those pieces of technology would be drastically different. In the past century, the world has seen an unprecedented number of technological advancements. However, these advancements are often taken for granted. Most people do not realize the complexity of the processes that occur when they use technologies like the Internet or computers. Nevertheless, are the devices that people use in theirRead MoreWhat We Should Co nsider: Should Technology Be Used in the Classrooms?771 Words   |  4 PagesWelcome to the Digital Age, where we choose not to benefit from the endless access to information within the reach of our fingertips provided by the technology we ourselves have worked hard to institute, and instead choose to obliterate our brains by redefining procrastination, losing our ability to think, and watching cat videos on YoutTube. It is foreseeable that the magnificent monster, technology, will consume society, (if it hasn’t done so already) which may have intense negative impacts onRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Our Lives1402 Words   |  6 PagesEveryday technology is manipulated and used by many people around the world. Technology describes the usage of technical means to interact with life, society, and environment, through an electronical device that is applied by science. Many people are slowly becoming attached to technology and relying on more of these resources because it makes their life easier. However, technology is slowly hurting a ton of people by being smartphone dependent, reducing our communication skills and disabling people

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Child Soldiers A Child Soldier - 752 Words

This document is from the research I have done on child soldiers in Afghanistan. A child soldier is soldiers that are enlisted under the age of 16. Even though the Taliban claims to only recruit â€Å", those who have achieved mental and physical maturity.† The Afghan police were also getting underage people to join as well. I feel that any way that child soldiers can be stopped should be done. This paragraph will explain and define the causes. The reasons for this modern challenge include getting forced into it, getting convinced to join, joining because of something happening, wanting revenge for it, duty to the family, patriotism, honor and economic difficulties (The London Post 1). Getting forced to join meaning that the Taliban (or other†¦show more content†¦The parent would be sad that their children are in a war zone. They would fear not knowing whether the child is still alive. This paragraph will explain the organizations. Some of the organizations are Child Soldiers International, Human Rights Watch, Invisible Children, War Child, and UNICEF. Child Soldiers International allows you to donate to their cause which is promoting the ban on child soldiers and offers reintegration. The Human Rights Watch allows you to donate. Invisible Children asks you to donate to support children in forgotten corners of the world. War Child asks you to donate to allow access to education for child soldiers. UNICEF is another group to donate to and it also allow child soldiers to reintegrate. This paragraph is about how my fiction book connects to my topic. This topic connects to my topic because the one of the main characters is a child soldier. A character was almost blown up by a child soldier. A soldier shoots a child soldier and is burdened. The main character s helicopter is shot down by a child soldier. The plot includes the problem of figuring out why the young martyr s are fighting on both sides. This concludes how the topic connects to my book. This paragraph will be about the reflections on the modern challenge. The only thing I have found that you can do is donate. The amount of agencies are in very high numbers and even a dollar canShow MoreRelatedIs A Child Soldier?1249 Words   |  5 Pages A child soldier is a person who serves in a military and is under the age of 18. Should they be prosecuted for the crimes they have committed? Before the question is answered this though the issue at hand must be explained. Imagine a child born in a country of war, and their parents might have to sell them to an army, maybe they die and that’s the only place they can go, or maybe they take he/she from their home to serve their country. Now they are angry, frustrated, and wanting revenge. TheirRead MoreChild Soldiers901 Words   |  4 Pageshere today to discuss the contentious issue of child soldiers and inform you of the implications this iss ue has for our modern society. Despite popular opinion, this issue is prevalent in our post-modern world and is far too widespread to ignore. The contentious theme of child soldiers is represented as atrocious and an infringement of human rights in a diverse range of literary and non- literary texts such as the movie Blood Diamond, the poem Child Soldier Diary and the article Stolen kids turned intoRead MoreChild Of A Soldier For The War1419 Words   |  6 PagesAt that time they very need people who is younger to be a soldier for the war. Every kid they teach them how to use the gun event they skull. Many nations they had do this to their people who live in that nation s. States it is not much of a problem mostly because here we have child labor laws. Child soldiers are not really a problem in the U.S because of our Labor laws. They have to do this too their child because they are pool, so they need to do this too let their kid get out and find himselfRead MoreThe Horror of Child Soldiers691 Words   |  3 Pages There are an estimated 250,000 child soldiers in the world today. They usually range from 14 to 18 but some get pulled in at as young as 11. Child soldiers are used in war because their naive tendencies, poor backgrounds, and capability to be easily intimidated and they used for many different things. 1) How they are used â€Å"Military prefers child soldiers because they last longer†. A child can fight for 20 years before they are released. They are often used for jobs such as cooks suppliers orRead MoreThe Issue Of Child Soldiers1584 Words   |  7 Pagesdealing with lives of children, not hardened criminals. Child soldiers and previous ones have a lot on their shoulders and by granting them amnesty we will be able to provide a better future for them. Many countries have participated in committing the atrocious crime of using children to fight in wars as part of their armies, some of them being Sierra Leone, Afghanistan, Uganda and many others. Many people believe that previous child soldiers should be put through court to be convicted of the warRead MoreThe Issue Of Child Soldiers1129 Words   |  5 Pagesand you kill an American soldier since you were forced to kill. Suddenly, you are captured by the US government and taken into jail. Many think you are the perpetrator, but others think t hat you deserve amnesty. Child soldiers have become a widely debated topic as armed forces continue to use them. Many think that they deserve to be given a second chance, but others think that they should be taken to jail for the deaths they were forced to create. Overall, child soldiers are victims that deserveRead MoreChild Soldiers Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesPaper 4: Synthesis Worldwide the use of child soldiers is a serious issue. Today there are about 300,000 children as young as nine years old involved in armed conflicts all around the globe. These children are living under constant fears of being trapped in an ambush, landmines or gunfire. Girls are used as well in fact approximately one third of child soldiers are girls, they are given the same job as the boys but are used as a sex slaves and forced to be the â€Å"wives† of their commanders. Girls areRead MoreThe Employment Of Child Soldiers1653 Words   |  7 Pagesinnocent children are now identified as child soldiers and are submerged into a new dangerous environment. The standard definition of a child soldier is any person under the age of eighteen unlawfully participating in an armed force. Not all child soldiers actively fight on the front lines, other jobs include: cooks, messengers, spies, or used for sexual purposes. Records show that since the start of the 21st century, the active employment of child soldiers has prevailed in almost every region acrossRead MoreThe Dangers of Child Soldiers811 Words   |  3 Pagesyoung boys ages 8-13 who are clenching a gun being ordered to kill against their will? It’s understood that others opinions about the dangers of child soldiers being free are only because they don’t want to risk anything but, isn’t life all about taking risks? You risk your life leaving the house, and breathing. Also, countries should not prosecute child soldiers for the crimes they committed during wartime. There also should not be an international minimum age of criminal responsibility for war crimesRead MoreChild Soldiers in Uganda1259 Words   |  5 PagesChild Soldiers in Uganda Imagine being snatched from your bed in the middle of the night and forced to commit horrific war crimes at only 7 years old. In Uganda, this sadly isn’t an unusual occurrence. Children and their families live in fear of being captured and made into child soldiers against their will. Led by Joseph Kony, the Lord’s Resistance Army has abducted over 30,000 children in Uganda and forced them to fight in war. These children are forced to become brutal killing machines, and

Influence of Authentic Leadership and Empowerment †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Influence of Authentic Leadership and Empowerment. Answer: Introduction: The leadership experience during my clinical practice presents itself in a form similar to situational leadership. Therefore, in this paper, I intend to elaborate on situational leadership and how it relates to the clinical placement. According to scientists, situation leadership entails relationship between leaders supportive, directive behavior and between the levels of development of the followers. In this approach, supportive behavior entails personal relationship that a leader has with his or her followers. Leaders maintain a relationship with their followers through communication and emotional support. In addition to that, the leaders offer direction to their subjects by elaborating on the roles of members. On the other hand, the development level of the members is a product of their readiness, experiences and their potential to perform the task at hand. It is a crucial aspect that motivates followers to carry on with their responsibility (Blumenthal et al., 2012, p.517). Since the form of leadership involves directive behavior, followers who are enthusiastic are more likely to respond to directives than those that are not enthusiastic. Thus, it can be used in diverse organizations, and more importantly, among nurses. It is the best leadership that fits in my clinical placement experience, and one can find evidence to prove the same. Key features of Situational Leadership Directing, it is recommended that this approach can used when the subjects are not so much willing and have a low potential to complete a task at hand. It compels a leader to move in and assume a directive role. However, in directing the roles, the leader ought to elaborate on the roles of each member. In addition to that, the leader has the responsibility to supervise how they are being carried out (Mosadeghrad, 2014, p.77). Moreover, directing must only be applicable when the issue is so serious and may lead to drastic effect if left unattended. Coaching is another feature in this form of leadership. It is used when the followers are very much willing to carry on with their responsibility but lacks the ability. Although it also involves directing the followers, the leader, in this case, consults followers on suggestions and ideas. Moreover, in coaching, communication is important but in a two-way. It is also important that followers are properly supervised since they do not possess the ability and the self-esteem to perform the task (Giltinane, 2013, p.37). However, they must be praised and motivated to build self-esteem. Lastly, the leader has to listen and advise his followers while coaching to ensure that they gain the necessary skills to perform the task on their own, should it arise again in future. Supporting is also a feature of this model of leadership. It is applicable when followers demonstrate a high level of ability to perform the task at hand but lack the willingness to perform the same task. Thus, the leaders must try to find out the reasons behind the followers not willing to carry on the duty at hand. The key thing to do here is to motivate followers by either praising them or listening to them for whatever concerns they may have (Grajales et al., 2014, p.14). In effect, it will make them feel good to carry on with the responsibility. Lastly, is delegating. This approach is suitable when the follower is willing and can perform the task at hand. The purpose of leaders in this category is to make decisions and act as a problem solver. Another feature is that followers often communicate back to the leaders on the progress of the task or completion (Hauck, Winsett, and Kuric, 2013, p.670). Lastly, occasional recognition is helpful for this model. Features Conditions on followers Delegating Willing and able Directing Unwilling and unable Coaching Willing but unable Supporting Unwilling but able Situational Leadership Features in the Clinical Placement There are various ways that these features come out clearly in my experience during clinical placement. Firstly, is the feature of delegating which comes out clearly by nurse Priscilla allocating duties to all the nurses. This is an act on the assumption that the nurses are able and willing to do the task at hand (Krasikova, Green, LeBreton, 2013, p.1330). The leaders then proceed to do her business. This is a situational leadership feature where a leader and the followers have the ability and are willing to do the task but only need a leader to delegate duties. In addition to that, a supportive feature is demonstrated by the leader, Nurse Priscilla, when she makes sure of introducing herself to all nurses and check whether they have any issues regarding medication, repositioning the patient or checking any changes in the patient. This is a way of building a relationship that is important where the nurses are unwilling to perform the task at hand (Laschinger, Smith, 2013, p.27). It is another incident that demonstrates supportive feature as an element of situational leadership. Moreover, the leader communicates to the nurses that she is willing and ready to offer assistance to them should they face any difficulties in performing the tasks allocated to them. This is a feature of directing duties where Priscilla acknowledges that nurses may not have the ability or willingness to perform duties but need to attend to patients. However, she advises them to report for any difficulty that they may experience. Lastly, the leader, Nurse Priscilla offer help in reading ABG report when called upon to offer her help. By demonstrating how the report is read, and listening keenly before accepting to offer her assistance, she demonstrates an aspect of coaching as both Mandy and I are willing to learn but cannot do so (Lynch, McCormack, McCance, 2011, p.26). Thus, it is another way that the incident in my clinical placement demonstrates coaching feature of situational leadership. Situations approach takes various assumptions in regards to the patient and professional. The approach is both people-centered and in line with the principles of person-centered care. However, it does not appear to be organization-centered. Person-centered care is one that embraces listening, thinking as a group, sharing concepts, coaching and seeking feedback. In situational leadership approach, these are elements that form the tenets of this style. The leaders and followers listen to each other in trying to solve the problem that exists. In addition to that, the approach also entails seeking feedback, especially, from followers to their leader. Lastly, as a process of disseminating skills and knowledge, it takes the assumption of the need for sharing ideas as essential to this approach (MacPhee et al., 2012, p.161). About the patient, the approach seeks to offer equitable access to health care present which is of high quality. This is accomplished by the leader seeking to intervene anytime there is any problem that bothers junior staffs. Situational leadership on patients helps in listening to their feelings, demonstrating respect for them and showing some form of empathy which is a professional code of conduct among health practitioners. On the other hand, situational style of leadership takes the assumption that it is the role of professionals to maintain constant communication, to demonstrate mutual collaboration and health promotion. Another assumption that the approach takes is that a professional has a role to work in a team or collaboration (Martin et al., 2012, p.78). Additionally, it assumes that professional ought to be committed to the safety of patients and be responsive all of the time. Person-centered principles can be classified into two broad categories, that is, the principle of self-direction and the principle of mutuality. To start with the first one, self-direction involves a person being autonomy and self-responsibility. This is an important quality that makes a person feels worth of being a human being (McCleskey, 2014, p.117). About the situation style of leadership, it tries to bring autonomy by delegating, directing and coaching inexperienced nurses so that they can develop skills of working on their own as they progress with learning under supervision. On the other hand, mutuality as a person-centered principle encourages decisions to be made in an open atmosphere, where there are equality and consensus irrespective of status. These approaches suggest that it is the majority or rather; the decision must be approved by a group rather than a single person. Therefore, the principle advocates for a process that will see a group coming together to make decisions where each opinion counts (Olsson et al., 2013, p.160). In situational leadership style, the leaders can consult his or her followers in trying to make a decision. Although there are cases where the leader possesses absolute right to make a decision or take a step, there are cases where he or she has to consult followers to reach an agreement. Thus, this type of leadership conforms well to the principle of patient-centered care. Situational leadership on the practice of quality care There are many ways that the leadership style contributes to quality care. To start with personal accountability, the style involves delegations of duties. Thus, every person is accountable to his or her duties. It compels health care professional to be responsible for whatever task they are allocated. This in effect aid in promoting or rather ensuring that there is quality care among patients (Reuben, Tinetti, 2012, p.778). It is in this way that the approach fulfills the test of being an approach that promotes accountability. In addition to that, situation leadership ensures quality care by cooperation. This form of leadership involves a leader and follower who work together for a particular purpose to accomplish a particular task. It becomes helpful especially for novice nurses who lack the working experience to nurse patients. In so doing, the cooperation between leaders and followers improves quality care to patients as those with inadequate knowledge or skill will still be able to treat patients well through the help of others (Ross, Tod, Clarke, 2015, p.1229). One of the aims of situational leadership is to enhance autonomy. The leader is in charge of educating, either by coaching or directing followers to perform certain duties. It is through the process that followers start gaining skills through experience and can perform duties on their own. As far as promoting quality care is involved, autonomy is important as a person who works independently can be reliable in any situation unlike one who is either dependent on a senior person for consultation or further direction (Ross, Tod, Clarke, 2015, p.1227). Therefore, this is another way that situational leadership is important in creating autonomy, and in effect, contributes to the practice of quality care among patients. Another aspect that situational form of leadership develops is communication, trust, knowledge and risk management among colleagues and patients. Communication is important for leaders and their subjects to work properly. In this form of leadership, it encourages communication for various reasons. Some of the reasons include but are not limited to coaching, for delegating, directing and offering support. Also, communication skills can develop from the relationship of the leader and his followers are essential in health care for many reasons least of which is informing nurses about the conditions of patients. This in return promotes the practice of quality care. Furthermore, leaders and followers who build trust between them work in cooperation effectively than those who mistrust each other (Ross, Tod, Clarke, 2015, p.1230). Trust is another benefit that comes as a result of situational leadership, and it is important in promoting the provision of health care services among different professionals in the hospital. Therefore, it is evident that trust building through situational leadership can help improve the practice of quality of care. Lastly, there is risk management which is essential in health care. Situational leadership involves devising a mechanism in dealing with risk and emergency cases. Therefore, this makes it an efficient approach in the practice of quality care as every situation, however urgent they may be, can be dealt with a suitable manner. Situational leadership entails coaching, delegating, directing and supporting. The four components are designed to cater for inexperienced followers or members. As far as new nurses graduates are concerned, this is the best approach for them to develop leadership skills. This is because the approach trains them by coaching which will see them gain skills necessary to be independent and work as leaders, not followers. In addition to that, there is also the element of delegating (Wong, Cummings, Ducharme, 2013, p.715). This gives undergraduate nurses temporarily leadership roles which they can develop and inculcate as they continue to gain experience. Directing and supporting provides them with the motivation and spirit to pursue tasks in difficult circumstances and effect developing them with leadership skills. Basing on these arguments, it becomes clear that situational leadership offers graduate nurses a good opportunity for developing leadership skills. References Abualrub, R.F. and Alghamdi, M.G., 2012, The impact of leadership styles on nurses satisfaction and intention to stay among Saudi nurses, Journal of nursing management, Vol.20.no.5, pp.668-678, viewed 14 July 2012, CINAHL database. Blumenthal, D.M., Bernard, K., Bohnen, J. and Bohmer, R., 2012. Addressing the leadership gap in medicine: residents' need for systematic leadership development training, Academic Medicine, Vol 87. No.4, pp.513-522, viewed 13 September 2012, Wiley Interscience. Mosadeghrad, A.M., 2014, Factors influencing healthcare service quality, International journal of health policy and management, Vol.3 No.2, p.77, viewed 16 January 2014, SpringerLink. Giltinane, C.L., 2013, Leadership styles and theories, Nursing Standard, Vol.27. no.41, pp.35-39, viewed 17 March 2013, Blackwell Science, Technology Medicine Collection. Grajales III, F.J., Sheps, S., Ho, K., Novak-Lauscher, H. and Eysenbach, G., 2014, Social media: a review and tutorial of applications in medicine and health care, Journal of medical Internet research, Vol.16. no.2, p. 14, viewed 12 November 2014, Wiley Interscience. Hauck, S., Winsett, R.P. and Kuric, J., 2013, Leadership facilitation strategies to establish evidence?based practice in an acute care hospital. Journal of advanced nursing, Vol.69, no.3, pp.664-674, viewed 12 June 2013, InformaWorld Current Subscriptions. Krasikova, D.V., Green, S.G. and LeBreton, J.M., 2013, Destructive leadership: A theoretical review, integration, and future research agenda, Journal of Management, Vol.39 no.5, pp.1308-1338, viewed by 16 November 2013, Wiley Interscience. Laschinger, H.K. and Smith, L.M., 2013, The influence of authentic leadership and empowerment on new-graduate nurses perceptions of interprofessional collaboration, Journal of Nursing Administration, Vol.43. no.1, pp.24-29, viewed 15 September 2013, CINAHL database. Lynch, B.M., McCormack, B. and McCance, T., 2011, Development of a model of situational leadership in residential care for older people, Journal of nursing management, Vol.19, no.8, pp.1058-1069, viewed 12 June 2011, Directory of Open Access Journals. MacPhee, M., Skelton?Green, J., Bouthillette, F. and Suryaprakash, N., 2012, An empowerment framework for nursing leadership development: supporting evidence, Journal of advanced nursing, Vol.68 no.1, pp.159-169, viewed 14 April 2012, Springerlink. Martin, J.S., McCormack, B., Fitzsimons, D. and Spirig, R., 2012, Evaluation of a clinical leadership programme for nurse leaders, Journal of Nursing Management, Vol. 20, no.1, pp.72-80, viewed 12 August 2012, Directory of Open Access Journals. McCleskey, J.A., 2014, Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development, Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, Vol.5, no.4, p.117, viewed 13 September, CINAHL database. Olsson, L.E., Jakobsson Ung, E., Swedberg, K. and Ekman, I., 2013, Efficacy of person?centred care as an intervention in controlled trialsa systematic review, Journal of clinical nursing, Vol 22. No.(3-4), pp.456-465, viewed 11 July 2013, Directory of Open Access Journals. Reuben, D.B. and Tinetti, M.E., 2012, Goal-oriented patient carean alternative health outcomes paradigm, New England Journal of Medicine, Vol.366 no.9, pp.777-779, viewed 12 August 2012, Health Collection. Ross, H., Tod, A.M. and Clarke, A., 2015, Understanding and achieving person?centred care: the nurse perspective, Journal of clinical nursing, Vol.24 no.(9-10), pp.1223-1233, viewed by 16 September 2016, InformaWorld Current Subscriptions. Wong, C.A., Cummings, G.G. and Ducharme, L., 2013, The relationship between nursing leadership and patient outcomes: a systematic review update, Journal of nursing management, Vol.21 no.5, pp.709-724, viewed Wiley Interscience.